History of Editing

Development of Editing Techniques 

Early Editing- At the start of film, you couldn't edit. Films were shot in one take without any editing. There was only a certain amount of film that the camera reel could hold, filmmarkers and audiences wanted longer and more established film. The hold film would be seen in theatre, from the one real of film and played once. The Great Train Robbery, was make in 1903 and was a western film. It was written, directed and produced by Edwin S. Porter and was 12 minutes long, this was seen as a milestone is the film making.

Cutting- Editing started by using the jump cut that D.W Griffiths accidentally invented when making the film "The Greasers Gauntlet." He cut form a medium long shot to a long shot, this that knew as the jump cut, and editing started to progress. D.W Griffiths also invented the classical cutting, also known as continuity editing, this is a style of editing that showing emotional and this is done by the camera cutting and showing different emotions. He also invented the close up, this is the frame only has the actors head and shoulders in shot, this shot is normally used to show emotion. D.Q Griffiths invented parallel editing, this is used to build tension and to gain an emotion response from the audience. It was shown in D.W Griffiths film the "Birth of a nature." It constantly cuts between scenes to show tension, its shown is the film when the troops and close to discovering women and children. From this cutting has progressed further, and has progressed to the use of montage, which was famous used in Rocky 4. This was created my Eisenstein's and is create for a passage of time and place or a metaphorical meaning. The kuleshov effect is also showing the progress in editing. This is where viewers want more meaning and connotation, the shot is down to the editing and the way that the two different shots are put together. 180 degree rule, has also progress editing, this is where camera does not cross an imaginary lone, as it can confuse the audience as the would see the characters in different places.

Moviola-  Moviola is an editing machine which, film makers use to view the film whilst editing. Iwan Serruier created Moviola in 1924. This allowed edited to concentrate on different scenes and be able to improve the scenes, this also give them the chance to see what was working and what wasn't working. It also meant that the transitions between cuts was better and made the continuity editing better.

Flatbed- The flatbed is another machine tat editors could use, this was more advanced then the moviola. Audio and pictures rolls load onto motorises disks, they move forwards and backward separately or together for synchronisation between the sound and picture.

Modern Editing- Editing was evolved through technology, and editing has become easier and smoother to use. Softwares that you can use now are Final Cut Pro and Adobe Premier Pro. Premier Pro allows you to cut you film in different ways and gives you different effects that you can add. It also gives you the chance to cut clips and cut them directly at the sot that you want it to be cut. Premier Pro is also easy to use and can be picked up very quickly. With editors being given the chance to edit and experiment is means that they can look at showing something is a different way and can still have the originally without it being damage.

http://www.filmreference.com/encyclopedia/Criticism-Ideology/Editing-THE-DEVELOPMENT-OF-EDITING.html
https://seanmaguireblog.wordpress.com/2012/05/14/early-history-of-editing-techniques/
http://web.archive.org/web/20120308230830/http://moviola.com/book/export/html/12